Visual defects

Near-sighteness (myopia)

Near-sightedness is a common visual defect caused by a refractive error and often shows inheritable properties. Near-sighted people see objects that are close to them well, but far away objects are blurry. The reason for this may be that the curve of the cornea is too convex or the axis of the eyeball is too long. Due to these abnormality, the focalpoint is before the retina and a blurred image is reflected onto it.

Laser procedures treat near-sightedness by decreasing the curve of the cornea and thus placing the focalpoint in the correct location on the retina.

Far-sightedness (hypermetropia)

Far-sightedness may be caused by the following factors: the curve of the cornea is too small, or the surface is too flat or the axis of the eyeball is too short. This causes the focalpoint of the light to fall behind the retina.

Far-sighted people have blurred vision when viewing objects near or far, but at a young age the eye is capable of compensating for the defect and far-sightedness remains unnoticable.

Laser procedures treat far-sightedness by increasing the curve of the cornea and bringing the focal point forward onto the retina.

Astigmatism (irregular conformation of the cornea)

Astigmatism is a very common visual defect. The cornea has two main curves (one is more curved than the other) and its form resembles the shape of a rugby ball. When light fails to converge at a single focal point, a clear image cannot be formed.

This simply means that during the procedure two curves need to be adjusted (opposed to a standard near-sighted case), so that the focal point of the light falls on the retina.

Presbyopia

Over time everyone develops presbyopia, regardless of whether they were near-sighted, far-sighted, had healthy eyes or had any other refractive visual defects in the past. This means that our eye's ability to adapt significantly decreases. It is caused by the loss of elasticity in the crystalline lens, which prohibits the lens from changing shape. The lens can not become flatter or more convex to aid in viewing near and far objects. Supplimentary glasses or contacts with different prescriptions are needed to see clearly.

Laser surgery can not eliminate the cause of presbyopia. However, people who suffer from it can still enjoy the benefits of laser treatment, if they wear glasses for distant vision. After the procedure, they would only have to wear glasses for seeing near objects. It is even possible for some candidates after the procdure to see close with one eye and far with the other. This is called monovision correction and it would mean that glasses would no longer be necessary at all.

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